E-ISSN: 1308-5263
The Impact of Cytogenetic Aberrations in the Clonal Evolution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Single-Center Experience Among 450 Turkish Patients (Cohort Study) [Turk J Hematol]
Turk J Hematol. 2022; 39(4): 237-244 | DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2022.2022.0045  

The Impact of Cytogenetic Aberrations in the Clonal Evolution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Single-Center Experience Among 450 Turkish Patients (Cohort Study)

Sevgi Işık1, Gülçin Günden1, Hava Üsküdar Teke2, Olga Meltem Akay3, Nur Oğuz Davutoğlu2, Vahap Aslan4, Mustafa Karagülle5, Hülya Özen7, Oğuz Çilingir1, Sevilhan Artan1, Beyhan Durak Aras6
1Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir, Turkey
2Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Division of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
3Koç University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
4Private Umit Hospitals, Clinic of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
5Yunus Emre State Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
6Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir, Turkey; Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskişehir, Turkey
7University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Informatics, Ankara, Turkey

Objective: Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematologic disorder characterized by t(9;22) translocation, in which cytogenetic aberrations can occur in Ph(+) and (-) clones. These aberrations develop due to clonal evolution as well as treatment and they have prognostic significance. They are grouped as major and minor route anomalies in terms of their effects on prognostic parameters, such as treatment response, overall survival (OS), disease stage, complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), and major molecular response (MMR). It is stated that major route anomalies have unfavorable prognostic effects compared to minor route anomalies. We aimed to investigate the frequency and prognostic effects of cytogenetic anomalies detected in Ph(+) and (-) clones.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the cytogenetic results of 450 patients diagnosed with CML between 2005 and 2020.
Results: We detected cytogenetic aberrations in Ph-positive and negative clones in 41 of 450 patients. The most common anomalies were trisomy 8 (+8), additional Ph chromosome (+Ph), and loss of chromosome Y. Rarely, aneuploidy of the Y chromosome, dup (22), +11, and +6 were seen in CML patients. We observed that these identified aberrations negatively affected MMR and CCyR, and generally resulted in changing imatinib treatment for second-generation tyrosine kinase activity inhibitors. Our results are compatible with the literature.
Conclusion: We suggest that cytogenetic aberrations detected in Ph(+) and (-) clones should be a warning sign in terms of treatment and require close observation. The use of cytogenetic methods for the identification of these anomalies is also important.

Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukemia, Cytogenetics, Clonal evolution, Prognostic aberrations, Philadelphia chromosome


Kronik Myeloid Löseminin Klonal Evolüsyonunda Sitogenetik Aberasyonların Etkisi: 450 Türk Hastadan Oluşan Kohort Çalışmasında Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Sevgi Işık1, Gülçin Günden1, Hava Üsküdar Teke2, Olga Meltem Akay3, Nur Oğuz Davutoğlu2, Vahap Aslan4, Mustafa Karagülle5, Hülya Özen7, Oğuz Çilingir1, Sevilhan Artan1, Beyhan Durak Aras6
1Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir, Turkey
2Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Division of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
3Koç University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
4Private Umit Hospitals, Clinic of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
5Yunus Emre State Hospital, Clinic of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey
6Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Eskişehir, Turkey; Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskişehir, Turkey
7University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Informatics, Ankara, Turkey

Amaç: Kronik myeloid lösemi (KML), t(9;22) ile karakterize olan, Ph(+) ve (-) klonlarda sitogenetik aberasyonların gelişebildiği bir lösemi tipi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu aberasyonlar klonal evolüsyon ve tedaviye bağlı gelişmekte olup, prognostik etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Literatürde; tedavi yanıtı, toplam sağkalım (OS), hastalık evresi, tam sitogenetik yanıt (TSY) ve majör moleküler yanıt (MMY) gibi prognostik parametreler üzerine olan etkileri açısından bu anomaliler majör ve minör yolak anomalileri olarak gruplandırılmaktadır. Majör yolak anomalilerinin minör yolak anomalilerine göre prognozu olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirtilmektedir. Biz de, Ph(+) ve (-) klonda saptanan sitogenetik anomalilerin sıklığını ve prognostik etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 2005-2020 yılları arasında KML tanısı almış 450 hastanın retrospektif olarak sitogenetik sonuçlarını inceledik.
Bulgular: Bu hastaların 41/450’ inde Ph(+) ve/veya (-) klonda sitogenetik aberasyonlar saptadık. En sık gözlenen anomaliler trizomi 8 (+8), ek Ph kromozomu (+Ph) ve Y kromozom kaybı idi. Ayrıca KML hastalarında nadir görülen dup (22), +11, +6 ve Y kromozom artışı; ve daha önce literatürde saptanmayan inv(1) anomalisini tespit ettik. Saptanan bu aberasyonların MMY ve TSY olumsuz etkilediğini ve tedavide de genellikle 2. nesil tirozin kinaz aktivite inhibitörlerin tercih edildiğini gözledik. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, literatür verileri ile uyumluluk göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Ph(+) ve (-) klonda saptanan sitogenetik aberasyonların hastaların tedavisi ve yakın takibi için “uyarı” niteliği taşıdığını savunmaktayız. Ayrıca bu kromozomal anomalilerin saptanması açısından sitogenetik yöntemlerin öneminin yadsınamaz olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik myeloid lösemi, Sitogenetik, Klonal evrim, Prognostik aberasyon, Philadelphia kromozomu


Sevgi Işık, Gülçin Günden, Hava Üsküdar Teke, Olga Meltem Akay, Nur Oğuz Davutoğlu, Vahap Aslan, Mustafa Karagülle, Hülya Özen, Oğuz Çilingir, Sevilhan Artan, Beyhan Durak Aras. The Impact of Cytogenetic Aberrations in the Clonal Evolution of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Single-Center Experience Among 450 Turkish Patients (Cohort Study). Turk J Hematol. 2022; 39(4): 237-244

Corresponding Author: Gülçin Günden, Türkiye


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