Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children is usually a benign and self-limiting disorder. It may follow a viral infection or immunization and is caused by an inappropriate response of the immune system. The diagnosis relies on the exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia. This paper discusses the differential diagnoses and investigations, especially the importance of bone marrow aspiration. The course of the disease and incidence of intracranial hemorrhage are also discussed. There is substantial discrepancy between published guidelines and between clinicians who like to over-treat. The treatment of the disease ranges from observation to drugs like intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids and anti-D to splenectomy. The different modes of treatment are evaluated. The best treatment seems to be observation except in severe cases.